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In Haidian District of Beijing, the number of Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs) is comparable to the total number in France. This raises several important questions: Are these SEMs being used effectively? Does Haidian really need so many electron microscopes, or is there an issue with redundant purchases? Li Qiang, from the project management department of the Beijing New Materials Development Center, expressed concerns about these issues during a discussion on material analysis and testing.
Over the years, Beijing has accumulated considerable experience in material analysis and testing. However, following the support from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Beijing New Materials Development Center conducted a survey titled “Technology Needs of Beijing New Materials Industry during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.†The findings revealed that despite the growth of the new materials industry, Beijing still faces significant shortcomings in material analysis and testing. The supporting role of the analytical testing industry in the development of new materials remains underdeveloped.
The backwardness of testing technology significantly affects the competitiveness of Chinese products. For example, China is one of the largest producers of NdFeB rare earth magnets, with annual output exceeding 6,600 tons since 2000, accounting for over 40% of global production. However, domestic products are mostly low- to mid-range, while high-grade NdFeB magnets originate from Japan and the U.S. Incomplete standards and testing technologies in China hinder the export prices of rare earth permanent magnet materials, leading to substantial economic losses each year.
Experts noted that the chemical composition testing and physical property characterization systems in China's magnetic materials industry are not yet fully developed. This lack of comprehensive testing leads to unstable product performance and lower magnetic properties. Chemical composition analysis plays a crucial role in monitoring product quality, yet there is limited data available on full analysis, especially for trace elements like silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and chloride.
Li Qiang emphasized that proper detection of chemical composition and physical properties throughout the production process ensures product quality and provides reliable protection for the application and trade of new materials. If the analysis industry cannot keep up with market demands, it will negatively impact the competitiveness of related products.
Another major issue is the scattered nature of testing resources. A professor at Peking University’s Department of Geology had to send rock samples abroad for age determination, despite having access to similar facilities within the university and Beijing. Domestic testing data are often not recognized internationally, forcing researchers to send samples overseas for publication in foreign journals. This situation stems from historical factors such as fragmented management and lack of coordination among institutions.
Li Qiang explained that due to long-term departmental and regional management, research funding was decentralized, leading to a lack of comprehensive planning and standardization. As a result, different institutions use varying methods, causing inconsistent test results. This inconsistency undermines the international recognition of Chinese scientific research and hampers technological and economic development.
According to the survey, there is significant potential to improve the utilization rate of testing institutions in Beijing, especially in universities where resources remain underused. Zhang Jihong, director of the Beijing New Materials Development Center, called for better sharing of testing resources—not just equipment, but also scientific literature, research outcomes, and technical personnel. The lack of collaboration limits the overall progress of material analysis and testing in the region.
Additionally, the absence of a comprehensive detection and evaluation system is hindering the development of new materials. While some physical and chemical data are available, there is no systematic way to analyze and synthesize this information into a unified evaluation framework. For instance, in the case of green environmental materials, although their usage is increasing, there is still no standardized method for ecological evaluation, leading to inconsistencies in assessment and difficulty in comparing different materials.
The report highlighted three key problems in environmental protection materials: outdated standards that fail to reflect actual performance, differing evaluation criteria across industries, and lagging evaluation guidelines. These issues create confusion within the industry and lead to resource waste.
In summary, the development of new materials in China requires stronger support from advanced analytical testing, improved resource integration, and the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system. Only through these steps can the country enhance its competitiveness and drive sustainable growth in science and technology.