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After fruit trees are affected by flooding, their roots often remain waterlogged for extended periods, leading to root rot due to poor aeration. This can severely hinder the trees' growth and even result in tree death. Therefore, it's crucial to implement timely management measures following a flood disaster. Here are some essential steps:
First, drainage is critical. In flooded orchards, clear the ditches as soon as the rain stops, remove standing water, and clean mud and debris from leaves and branches. Upright any trees that have been washed over, and use supports or scaffolds if necessary. Once drained, loosen the soil around the tree base to help it dry faster. After three days of dry weather, cover the soil again, expose the roots slightly, and re-bury them. Whitewash the trunks and branches with a 1:10 lime water solution and wrap them with straw or wheat stalks to prevent bark cracking from sun exposure.
Second, after flooding, the soil tends to become compacted, reducing oxygen availability for the roots. Once the soil is slightly dry, cultivate the area, increasing the depth of cultivation to mix the soil and break up clods.
Third, when the topdressing is affected, the root system may be damaged, reducing its ability to absorb nutrients and water. It’s not advisable to apply fertilizers directly to the roots right away. Instead, foliar feeding with a 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a 0.5% urea solution can help. Once the tree regains strength, apply well-composted manure, cake fertilizer, or urea to encourage new root growth.
Fourth, pruning is essential. Cut off broken branches, remove fallen leaves and dropped fruits. For trees with severe root damage, perform thinning, leaf cutting, and fruit removal to reduce transpiration and prevent further stress or death.
Fifth, pest control should be prioritized. Spray the orchard to prevent the spread of pests and diseases, especially after the trees have been weakened by the flood.
Lastly, harvesting strategies need adjustment. Orchards that have been flooded for a long time should be harvested early. Those that were less affected can be harvested in stages, while late-maturing varieties should be picked at the right time to avoid market saturation and price drops. Before harvest, remove leaves and fruits promptly, and consider using reflective films in suitable orchards to enhance fruit coloration.