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After fruit trees are affected by flooding, their roots remain waterlogged for extended periods, leading to poor aeration and root rot. This can severely hinder the normal growth of the trees and even result in tree death. Therefore, it's crucial to implement timely management practices after a flood occurs. Here are some essential steps:
1. **Drainage** – As soon as the rain stops, clear drainage channels in the orchard to remove standing water. Remove mud from leaves and debris from branches, and upright any trees that have been washed over. If necessary, use supports or scaffolds to stabilize them. Once the water is drained, loosen the soil around the tree base to help it dry faster. After three days of dry weather, cover the soil again. Expose the tree roots and re-bury them carefully. Whitewash the trunks and branches with a 1:10 lime water solution and wrap them with straw or wheat stalks to prevent bark cracking from sun exposure.
2. **Soil Cultivation** – Flooding often causes soil compaction, reducing oxygen availability to the roots. Once the soil is slightly dry, cultivate the area to break up the soil, mix it thoroughly, and crush large clods to improve aeration and root health.
3. **Fertilization** – Flooded trees may suffer root damage, which weakens their ability to absorb nutrients and water. Avoid applying fertilizers directly to the roots right away. Instead, apply foliar sprays such as 0.1–0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% urea solution. Once the tree shows signs of recovery, you can apply well-rotted manure, cake fertilizer, or urea to encourage new root growth.
4. **Pruning** – Promptly prune broken branches, remove fallen leaves, and pick up dropped fruits. For trees with severe root damage, thin out the canopy, cut back leaves, and remove fruits to reduce transpiration and increase survival chances.
5. **Pest and Disease Control** – After flooding, trees become more susceptible to pests and diseases. It's important to spray the orchard with appropriate pesticides to prevent further damage and the spread of infections.
6. **Harvesting Strategy** – Orchards that have been flooded for a long time should be harvested early. Lightly affected areas can be harvested in stages, while late-maturing varieties should not be picked too early to avoid market price drops due to oversupply. Before harvesting, remove excess leaves and fruits to improve fruit quality. In suitable conditions, use reflective films to enhance fruit coloration and overall appearance.
By following these steps, orchard managers can significantly improve the recovery and long-term health of their fruit trees after a flood.