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In order to further promote the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure and boost farmers' income, we would like to introduce an efficient ecological breeding model that integrates fish, shrimp, crabs, and other aquatic species. This model can serve as a valuable reference for farmers looking to make structural adjustments in their farming practices.
**The Benefits of Ecological Breeding:**
1. **Rich Biodiversity:** The ecosystem supports a wide range of benthic animals, aquatic insects, small mollusks, crustaceans, zooplankton, and various aquatic plants. These natural resources provide a sustainable food source for fish, crabs, and shrimp, enabling efficient polyculture systems.
2. **Cost Reduction and Efficiency:** By combining fish, shrimp, and crabs in the same pond, feed usage can be significantly reduced, lowering production costs while improving overall efficiency.
3. **Multi-Dimensional Utilization:** A multi-level system makes full use of water resources and enhances the natural ecological balance of the pond. This promotes healthier growth for all species, reduces disease incidence, and increases pond income by two to three times compared to traditional rice cultivation.
According to expert surveys conducted among 13 farmers in Longqiao Village, Luohe Township, Rudong County, and 5 farmers in Fengjian Village, along with 8 groups of florists, this method has proven highly effective. On average, they achieve yields of 3,000–4,000 catties of fish per hectare, 20 catties of shrimp, and 250 catties of crabs. Net income per mu is several times higher than that from pure rice farming.
**First, Selecting and Constructing the Pond Base:**
1. Choose land with sufficient water supply, low-lying terrain, fertile soil, good drainage, no pollution, and strong water retention capacity.
2. Consider using previously cultivated paddy fields or areas used for growing loquats, as these areas can be repurposed for river raft cultivation, which offers much higher returns than crop farming.
3. Existing ponds can also be renovated and utilized. For example, excavated trenches around low-lying fields or monotypic rice fields can be transformed into river rafts, then stocked with fish, shrimp, and crabs for optimal results.
**How to Build the Pond Structure:**
A permanent fish nest can be dug on one side of the field, typically 0.5 to 1 mu in size, with a depth of 1.5 meters and a slope ratio of 1:3.5. A surrounding trench about 2–3 meters wide and 0.8 meters deep should be created, ensuring a gentle slope. The excavated mud can be used to build the field ridge, which should be 2 meters wide and 30–50 cm high. Anti-escape facilities such as plastic sheets, cement boards, or bricks should be added after leveling and compacting. Inlet and outlet channels must be equipped with fine mesh nets to prevent escape.
**Second, River Raft Planting Methods:**
1. Apply base fertilizer such as chicken manure, livestock manure, compound fertilizer, or cake fertilizer. Base fertilizer should account for 80–90% of total manure used in the river raft. Top dressing can be applied later to ensure balanced nutrition.
2. Adjust the planting density of lotus plants to avoid excessive shading and heat stress for fish, shrimp, and crabs. Typically, 600–800 catties per mu are recommended.
3. Maintain a planting spacing of 5 feet by 5 feet in a square pattern.
**Third, Seed Stocking Mode:**
Stock button crabs or bean crabs. Approximately 2,000 crab seedlings per acre can be placed, increasing to 4,000–5,000 crabs if needed. Also, 2 eggs of spawning shrimp and 50 fish per acre are recommended. Avoid directly placing seedlings in the open field; instead, place them first in the fish nest to prevent damage. Ensure stocking is completed before the end of May.
**Fourth, Feeding Fish, Shrimp, and Crabs:**
After planting, seedlings are small and have limited foraging ability, so feeding should not be excessive. Use small trash fish or crab pellets initially. In the middle and later stages, snails, aquatic plants, and pumpkins can be added to the diet.
**Fifth, Daily Management:**
Regularly inspect the pond and implement the four key defenses: predator prevention, disease control, escape prevention, and flood management. Water levels should be maintained at 15–20 cm. During hot and stormy weather, monitor oxygen levels to prevent hypoxia in shrimp. If plant growth is poor, apply fertilizer promptly. Fertilization should be done deeply to avoid harming the aquatic life. When preparing for market sales in August, take advantage of lower prices by delaying harvest until late August or early September, then raise the water level to allow better growth of fish, crabs, and shrimp.