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In order to further promote the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure and increase farmers' income, we are now introducing an efficient ecological breeding model for fish, shrimp, crabs, and other aquatic species. This model can serve as a useful reference for farmers looking to make structural adjustments in their farming practices.
The benefits of this ecological breeding method are significant. First, the pond environment is rich in benthic organisms, aquatic insects, small mollusks, crustaceans, zooplankton, and various aquatic plants, which provide abundant natural food sources for fish, crabs, and shrimp. Second, by combining fish, shrimp, and crabs in a polyculture system, feeding costs can be significantly reduced, improving efficiency and lowering expenses. Third, implementing a multi-dimensional and layered structure allows for better use of water resources and helps maintain a healthy ecological balance. This promotes the healthy growth of aquatic species, reduces disease risks, and can increase pond income by 2 to 3 times. According to expert surveys, farmers in Longqiao Village, Luohe Township, Rudong County, and Fengjian Village have reported yields of up to 3,000 to 4,000 catties of fish per hectare, 20 catties of shrimp, and 250 catties of crabs. Their net income per mu is several times higher than that of traditional rice farming.
First, when selecting and building the pond base, it's important to choose land with sufficient water supply, low-lying areas, fertile soil, good drainage, and no pollution. Existing paddy fields or areas previously used for growing loquats can also be converted into breeding sites, as the income from aquaculture is much higher than from crop farming. Old ponds can also be renovated and repurposed for this purpose, such as using ditches or monoculture rice fields to grow aquatic plants before introducing fish, shrimp, and crabs.
To build the pond structure, a permanent fish nest can be dug on one side of the field, typically 0.5 to 1 mu in size, with a depth of about 1.5 meters and a slope ratio of 1:3.5. A surrounding trench, 2 to 3 meters wide and 0.8 meters deep, should also be dug. The slope must not be too steep. The excavated mud can be used to build the field ridge, which should be 2 meters wide and 30 to 50 centimeters high. Anti-escape facilities made of plastic sheets, cement boards, or bricks should be installed. Inlet and outlet pipes must be equipped with fine mesh nets to prevent escape.
For river planting methods, applying base fertilizer is essential. Chicken manure, livestock manure, compound fertilizer, and cake fertilizer are all suitable options, with base fertilizer accounting for 80–90% of total usage. Top dressing should be applied carefully to avoid overfeeding. The amount of lotus leaves should also be controlled to prevent excessive shading and allow fish, crabs, and shrimp to escape heat. Typically, 600 to 800 catties of lotus leaves per mu are recommended. Planting spacing should be 5 feet by 5 feet in a square pattern.
When stocking seedlings, button crabs or bean crabs are ideal choices. About 2,000 crabs per acre can be placed, increasing to 4,000 to 5,000 if necessary. Additionally, 2 pounds of spawning shrimp and 50 fish per acre can be added. It’s important to avoid placing seedlings directly into the main pond; instead, they should first be placed in the fish nest to protect them from injury. Stocking should be completed before the end of May.
Feeding strategies should be adjusted based on the growth stage of the animals. Initially, since the seedlings are small and foraging capacity is limited, feeding should be moderate. Small trash fish or crab pellets are suitable during this phase. As the animals grow, snails, aquatic plants, and pumpkins can be introduced as additional feed sources.
Daily management is crucial. Regular pond inspections should be conducted, and four key defenses—predator prevention, disease control, escape prevention, and flood protection—must be maintained. Water levels should be kept between 15 to 20 cm. During hot or stormy weather, special attention should be given to preventing hypoxia in shrimp. If plant growth is poor, timely fertilization is necessary. Fertilizers should be applied deeply to avoid harming the aquatic life. Finally, when preparing for harvest, it’s advisable to sell later, around late August or early September, when market prices tend to rise. At this time, raising the water level can help improve the growth of fish, crabs, and shrimp.