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Due to the high temperatures in summer, *Pleurotus ostreatus* becomes more active, and so do harmful bacteria and insect pests. Poor management during this period often leads to crop failure. To maximize economic returns, the following practical techniques can be implemented.
First, selecting the right variety is crucial. *Pleurotus ostreatus* can be categorized into high-, medium-, and low-temperature types. In summer, when temperatures are high, it's best to use high or medium-temperature varieties that thrive under such conditions.
Second, using smaller mushroom bags can significantly improve results. Traditionally, 24–28 cm wide, 50 cm long, and 0.025 cm thick polyethylene bags are used. However, for summer cultivation, smaller bags—22 cm wide, 40 cm long, and 0.015 cm thick—are recommended. These smaller bags allow better temperature distribution and reduce the risk of overheating and bacterial contamination. Years of experience have shown that small bags produce higher yields compared to larger ones.
Third, proper raw material preparation is essential. Choose fresh, mold-free materials and expose them to sunlight for 2–3 days. Then mix in wheat bran and rice bran before sterilizing thoroughly using either pressure sterilization or bulk fermentation. This step is critical for ensuring successful growth.
Fourth, effective inoculation is important. It’s best to place the fungus bags individually or in a "well" shape, ensuring good air circulation throughout the day. A proven method is underground germination. Dig a pit about 50 cm deep and 50 cm wide in a well-drained area. First, disinfect the pit with 5% lime water, then apply a diluted solution of octane sulfur to eliminate insects. Place the fungus bags inside, cover them with 5–10 cm of moist soil, and wait about 20 days for the mushrooms to develop.
Finally, burying the mushrooms properly enhances yield. Choose a shaded area and dig pits 70–100 cm deep and 35 cm wide. Spray insecticides on the bottom and sides of the pit. Remove the plastic from the mature bags, place them vertically in the pits, leave a 1–2 cm gap between each bag, fill with soil, and cover with 1–2 cm of mature soil (such as garden soil or compost). Water the surface until the soil and bags are fully saturated. You can also add plant hormones or nutrients to boost yield. Within a few days, the primordia will appear. With regular watering and care, each bag can produce around 3 kg of oyster mushrooms. After harvesting the first batch, spray insecticides again and continue watering. You can expect 4–5 harvests, with a biological conversion rate of 200% to 350%.