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Since January 13, 2008, northern Guangdong province experienced a sharp drop in temperatures, particularly in the mountainous regions. The coldest areas saw temperatures as low as -3°C to -5°C, with freezing and rainy weather lasting longer than any time in nearly 80 years. In response to the severe impact on livestock and poultry, experts from our university, led by Vice President Chen Zhiqiang, visited affected areas in Shaoguan City on February 14 and 15 to assess the damage. As of February 13, the direct economic loss in the animal husbandry sector reached 28.84 million yuan, with over 250,000 animals affected—556 cattle, 128,000 pigs, and 233,000 poultry—many of which had died or were severely impacted.
The disaster significantly affected both family farms and commercial operations. While small-scale households managed to keep their animals alive with minimal care, large-scale farms suffered heavy losses. Sows were weak and milkless, leading to underdeveloped piglets that often died from diarrhea and tremors. Young pigs showed signs of malnutrition, while adult pigs became weak and shivering. In chicken farms, chicks and adult chickens exhibited lethargy and high mortality rates, especially in those without proper insulation. Duck farms faced similar challenges.
The main causes of the disaster included a lack of awareness about the severity of the cold, inadequate insulation measures, and poor farm design. Many farmers relied solely on electricity for heating, which was not enough during power outages. Farm structures were poorly designed, with thin walls and no insulation, making them vulnerable to extreme cold. Additionally, feeding practices were inappropriate, with insufficient energy-rich feed and poor hygiene, further weakening the animals' resistance.
To mitigate future risks, emergency measures are essential. Livestock should be housed indoors, and barns must be properly insulated and ventilated. Heaters, straw, and plastic sheets can help maintain warmth. Feed formulas should be adjusted to provide more energy, and clean, warm water should be provided. Vaccination programs and strict sanitation protocols are also crucial to prevent disease outbreaks.
In the long term, post-disaster recovery efforts must focus on cleaning, disinfection, and preventing the spread of pathogens. Farmers should source healthy stock, implement proper immunization schedules, and maintain good hygiene practices. These steps will help rebuild the industry and reduce the risk of future disasters.
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