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Since January 13, 2008, northern Guangdong province experienced a sharp drop in temperature, particularly in mountainous regions. The cold weather brought freezing and rainy conditions, with temperatures as low as -3°C to -5°C, marking the lowest and longest-lasting freeze in nearly 80 years. To assess the impact on livestock and poultry and implement timely management strategies, experts from our university, led by Vice President Chen Zhiqiang, conducted field visits on February 14 and 15. By February 13, the direct economic loss in animal husbandry in Shaoguan City reached 28.84 million yuan, with over 250,000 animals affected, including 556 cattle, 12,800 pigs, and 233,000 poultry—many of which had died or were severely impacted.
**Disaster Situation and Analysis**
According to reports from local pig and poultry farming associations and field surveys in Huaping and Paradise Towns, family farmers generally managed their animals with minimal care, resulting in few deaths. However, large-scale farms suffered significant losses. Sows showed reduced milk production, while suckling piglets exhibited diarrhea, tremors, and high mortality rates. Nursery pigs were weak and prone to death due to cold stress. Chickens and ducks also faced severe challenges, with fluffed feathers, lethargy, and higher mortality among those without proper insulation. The lack of adequate shelter and heating measures was a major factor in these losses.
**Causes of the Farm Disasters**
1. **Lack of Awareness and Poor Insulation**: Many farms ignored early warnings from local agricultural authorities. They failed to prepare for prolonged freezing conditions, relying mainly on electric heating, which proved insufficient during power outages. Few used alternative methods like straw, charcoal, or coal, leaving animals vulnerable to extreme cold.
2. **Poor Barn Design**: Farms were constructed without considering long-term cold exposure. Roofs were often made of asbestos, and walls were low, offering little protection. Some used only thin plastic sheets, which allowed cold air to enter, leading to widespread animal deaths.
3. **Inadequate Feeding Practices**: Most farms did not adjust feed formulas to meet winter nutritional needs, leading to energy deficiency. Some even washed barns with cold water, further stressing the animals. Lack of disinfection and vaccination programs worsened the situation.
These human errors significantly increased the damage caused by the disaster.
**Emergency Measures for Cold Protection**
To prevent future losses, it is essential to implement effective cold protection strategies tailored to different livestock species. Key steps include:
1. **Sheltering Livestock**: Move animals indoors to protect them from harsh weather. This helps maintain body temperature and reduces disease risk.
2. **Improve Insulation and Ventilation**: Use infrared lamps, electric heaters, or coal stoves to raise indoor temperatures. Ensure dry bedding with straw or wood shavings, and ventilate regularly to maintain air quality.
3. **Enhance Feeding Management**: Adjust feed to provide more energy, add vitamins and minerals, and ensure clean, warm water. Avoid feeding moldy or frozen feed. Feed at night to boost immunity.
4. **Strengthen Disease Prevention**: Follow vaccination schedules for diseases like avian flu, swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease. Add anti-bacterial agents to feed and use ginger juice in drinking water to improve cold resistance.
5. **Prepare for Post-Disaster Recovery**: Clean and disinfect facilities, manage waste properly, and introduce healthy stock from reliable sources. Monitor for disease outbreaks and report any unusual deaths promptly.
By taking these proactive steps, farmers can better protect their livestock and accelerate recovery after such extreme weather events.