First, the planting density for red jujube follows specific guidelines: a spacing of 3 meters by 3 meters, which results in approximately 74 trees per acre. The optimal time for planting is during December when the soil is still warm and the tree can establish roots before the growing season begins. Second, the planting method requires careful preparation. Before planting, dig a planting pit that is 80 centimeters long and 60 to 80 centimeters deep. It's important to separate the topsoil from the subsoil as you dig. At the bottom of each pit, place a layer of grass or straw to improve drainage. Then, add 50 kilograms of well-decomposed farmyard manure in the middle layer. Mix the topsoil with compost and backfill it into the pit, followed by the subsoil. Ideally, the topsoil should be used for the final backfill. Once the pit is filled to about 30 centimeters above ground level, or 20 centimeters below ground level, water it thoroughly so the soil settles. After settling, refill the soil to make it slightly higher than the surrounding ground. When planting the jujube seedling, dig a hole about 20 to 30 centimeters deep, place the seedling in the center, and fill the hole while gently lifting the seedling to ensure proper root spread. The planting depth should match the original nursery depth—avoid planting too deep (which may bury the graft union) or too shallow. After planting, create a circular tree tray around the seedling with a diameter of one meter. Water the base thoroughly, then cover it with a thin plastic sheet (about one square meter) to retain moisture, provide warmth, and suppress weed growth. While digging and planting, maintain a straight line to achieve the "three look" alignment, ensuring uniformity and aesthetic appeal. Third, after the saplings are established, proper fertilizer and irrigation management is essential. In early spring, 10 to 15 days before bud break, apply urea at a rate of 1 to 2 kilograms per plant mixed with 10 liters of water as a top dressing. Repeat this every other month (fertilizer irrigation), applying the fertilizer 30 to 40 centimeters away from the trunk. This helps promote healthy growth and nutrient absorption. Fourth, pruning and training the jujube seedlings are crucial for shaping a strong and productive tree. Remove any root suckers and excess branches to encourage better growth. The trunk should have a thickness of 1.2 to 1.5 centimeters. When secondary branches reach a thickness of 0.8 centimeters, cut the main stem 60 to 80 centimeters above the ground, making a clean cut. Remove the secondary branch and select three positions to leave a short cut just above a single bud, which will stimulate the formation of lateral branches on the first primary branch. Repeat the same process for the second and third primary branches. The second layer should have 2 to 3 main branches, and the third layer 1 to 2, with each layer spaced 70 to 80 centimeters apart. Ensure that adjacent main branches are staggered and do not overlap, allowing for better light penetration and air circulation. Fifth, intercropping should be done carefully. Avoid planting tall or high-maintenance crops such as corn or potatoes, as they may compete for nutrients and sunlight. Instead, consider legumes or green manure crops, which can naturally fix nitrogen and enrich the soil. This not only compensates for any lack of organic fertilizer but also helps suppress weeds and protect the soil surface. Intercropping with these plants improves overall soil health and supports sustainable farming practices.

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