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After years of experimentation, Liu Yiming, an employee at the Guanzhuang Lake aquaculture farm in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, developed a successful method for raising astragalus and loach in aquaculture ponds, achieving high breeding efficiency. This approach combines traditional knowledge with modern aquaculture techniques to create a sustainable and profitable system.
To begin, the pond should be constructed in a location that is sheltered from strong winds, receives ample sunlight, and has access to a reliable water source. Suitable structures include cement tanks, reservoirs, ponds, or even natural waterways. The nesting area is typically between 25 to 150 square meters. If using a cement pool, it's important to treat it with alkali before introducing seedlings to ensure proper conditions for both astragalus and loach. For earthen ponds, the soil must be compact and firm, with a depth ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 meters. A 30-centimeter layer of mud should be placed at the bottom to support the digging and burrowing behavior of the animals. The pond should also have inlet and outlet systems, with water levels maintained at 15 to 20 cm. Barred nets should be installed at the inlets and outlets to prevent escape.
Before planting, the pond should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected using lime about 10 days in advance. The water should then be drained 3 to 4 days before stocking, and fresh water should be added. Selecting quality seedlings is crucial for success. Astragalus membranaceus seedlings should be well-developed and acclimated, while Scutellaria baicalensis seedlings are best selected at around 60-80 pieces per kilogram. Stocking density is generally 1 to 1.5 kg per cubic meter. After two weeks, muddy seedlings are introduced at a ratio of 1:10. These seedlings, often raised in controlled environments, have a higher survival rate.
Feeding is an essential part of the process. A feeding table made of wood or plastic should be placed 5 cm below the water surface, depending on the pond size. Initially, no food is given for the first 3 to 6 days after planting. From day 4 to 7, feeding can begin, ideally in the evening around 7 PM. A balanced diet is key, including commercial feed and supplementary foods like pupae, river snails, and mealworms. A homemade feed mixture includes 21% fishmeal, 19% cake, 37% energy feed, 12% wolfberry (dry), 1% minerals, 50% yeast, 2% multivitamins, and 3% binder. Feed 1 to 2 times daily, following the principles of timing and quantity. Under these conditions, T. osmanthus can grow from 20 grams to 0.25–0.3 kg within a year.
Loach primarily feed on leftover food and manure from other species in the pond. Feeding wheat bran once a day is sufficient to meet their nutritional needs. During the peak growth period from May to September, careful management is essential. Regular monitoring of the pond and attention to detail help identify and address issues promptly. Both astragalus and loach are nocturnal, so observing their behavior at night is critical for adjusting care practices.
Maintaining clean water with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5 is vital for their health. Disease prevention is equally important, as treatment becomes difficult once symptoms appear. Farmers should focus on early detection and prevention. Bleach solutions (1–2 parts per million) can be used to disinfect the pond regularly. Additionally, crystal trichlorfon is applied during spring and autumn for deworming. By following these practices, farmers can ensure a healthy and productive aquaculture system.