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After years of research and experimentation, Liu Yiming, an employee at the Guanzhuang Lake aquaculture farm in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, has successfully developed a method for raising astragalus (Huangqi) and loach in aquaculture ponds. This innovative approach has proven to be highly efficient, leading to improved yields and better quality of both crops.
To begin with, constructing the right environment is essential. The culture pond should be located in a sheltered, sunny area with good water access. Suitable structures include cement tanks, reservoirs, ponds, or even rivers. A typical pond size ranges from 25 to 150 square meters. If using a cement pool, it's important to treat it with alkali before introducing seedlings to ensure the health of both the astragalus and loach. For earthen ponds, the soil must be firm and the bottom well compacted. The depth of the pond should be between 0.8 and 1.5 meters, with a 30-cm layer of mud at the bottom to support burrowing. Organic fertilizer is recommended as it helps promote the growth of both plants and aquatic life.
Inlet and outlet systems are crucial for maintaining proper water levels. The water depth should be kept between 15 and 20 cm, and mesh nets should be installed at the inlets and outlets to prevent the fish and loach from escaping. About 10 days before planting, the pond should be thoroughly disinfected using lime. Three to four days before introducing the seedlings, the water should be drained and replaced with fresh water.
Selecting high-quality seedlings is key to success. Astragalus seedlings should be cultivated and acclimated properly, while Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap) seedlings should be around 60-80 per kilogram. Stocking density is typically 1 to 1.5 kg per cubic meter. After two weeks of growing, the loach seedlings are introduced at a ratio of 1:10. Artificially bred loach seedlings have a higher survival rate and are therefore preferred.
Feeding practices should be carefully managed. A feeding table made of wood or plastic should be placed just below the water surface, depending on the pond size. During the first three to six days after planting, no feed is given. Starting on day four to seven, feed is introduced in the evening, around 7:00 PM. A balanced diet is essential. Commercial feed can be used, along with some live food such as pupae, river snails, and mealworms. A homemade feed mix includes 21% fishmeal, 19% cake, 37% energy feed, 12% wolfberry, 1% minerals, 50% yeast, 2% multivitamin, and 3% binder.
Loach primarily feed on organic waste and leftover feed from the aquaculture system. Feeding wheat bran once daily is sufficient to meet their nutritional needs. From May to September, which is the peak growth season for both astragalus and loach, consistent care is required. Regular monitoring of the pond and careful observation of the animals’ behavior help detect any issues early. Both species are nocturnal, so it’s important to observe them during nighttime hours.
Maintaining clean water is vital. The pH level should be kept between 6.5 and 7.5. Disease prevention is also critical, as treatment becomes less effective once an infection occurs. Farmers should focus on keeping the pond clean and disease-free. Bleach at a concentration of 1–2 parts per million can be used for disinfection, and regular treatments with trichlorfon during spring and autumn help control parasites.
By following these methods, farmers can achieve sustainable and profitable results in raising astragalus and loach together in aquaculture ponds.