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In the winter, it's essential to keep the apricot orchard clean by removing fallen leaves, debris, and weeds. These materials can harbor pathogens and pests that may cause diseases and infestations in the following growing season. Therefore, all litter, old fruits, and weeds should be collected and either burned or disposed of properly to eliminate potential threats.
Applying autumn basal fertilizer is crucial for apricot trees, as they have a short dormancy period and require adequate nutrients early in the growing season. The fruit develops quickly after flowering, so providing sufficient nutrition is key. For every ton of fruit produced, apply one ton of high-quality compost along with 0.5% to 1% standard nitrogen fertilizer and 0.5% phosphate fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied using a radial or ring trench method, and it's best placed below 20 cm of soil. Watering after fertilization helps promote root growth and nutrient absorption. Spraying 2–3 times with a solution of 0.5% urea and 50 mg/L gibberellin can help prevent premature leaf aging and improve nutrient storage.
Deep tilling between the rows during autumn and winter is beneficial. It loosens the soil, improves its physical and chemical properties, and brings hidden insects to the surface where birds can feed on them or they can freeze. The recommended depth is 60–70 cm, which is ideal for the root system’s distribution.
Winter irrigation before and after the "Xuexue" period (a traditional Chinese term for the coldest days) helps delay spring blooming and protects against frost damage, improving fruit set rates.
Trunk whitewashing is an effective practice to protect apricot trees from sunscald and cold injury, while also helping to manage trunk diseases. A typical mixture includes 10 parts quicklime, 2 parts lime sulfur, 1–2 parts salt, 2 parts clay, and 36–40 parts water. An insecticide can be added for extra protection. The mixture should be smooth, not too runny, and applied evenly to avoid peeling.
Straw mulching in the orchard during winter helps increase soil temperature, reduce physiological drought, and prevent freezing damage, thus reducing flower abortion and improving bud quality. Materials like wheat straw, weeds, and leaves can be used. For every 666.7 square meters, a total of 26.7 tons of straw is recommended, with partial coverage being around 1–1.2 tons. Fully cover mature orchards, and partially cover young ones, focusing on tree rows. The mulch layer should be 15–20 cm thick. In windy areas, press the straw down after application to prevent it from blowing away. Applying 0.2–0.6 kg of nitrogen per tree before mulching helps maintain a good carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.