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In order to ensure the health and productivity of apricot trees during the winter season, several key agricultural practices should be implemented. First, it is essential to clear the orchard area of all leaves, debris, and weeds. These materials often harbor pathogens and pests that can overwinter and become a source of infection for the following growing season. Therefore, it's recommended to remove and burn or dispose of all such organic matter to reduce the risk of disease and pest infestation.
Second, applying autumn basal fertilizer is crucial for supporting the growth and development of apricot trees. Since apricots have a short dormancy period and their fruiting cycle occurs quickly after flowering, they require sufficient nutrients early in the season. A general recommendation is to apply 1 ton of high-quality composted manure per ton of fruit produced, along with 0.5% to 1% standard nitrogen fertilizer and 0.5% phosphate fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied using either a radial or ring trench method, and it should be placed below 20 cm of soil. After application, watering helps promote root development and nutrient uptake. Additionally, spraying 2–3 times with a solution of 0.5% urea and 50 mg/L gibberellin can help delay leaf aging and enhance nutrient storage.
Third, deep cultivation between rows is beneficial for improving soil structure and breaking up compacted layers. By tilling the soil to a depth of 60–70 cm, it not only loosens the soil and enhances its physical and chemical properties but also brings buried insects to the surface where they can be eaten by birds or frozen during cold periods.
Fourth, winter irrigation before and after the "Xuexue" (Snow) period can help delay spring flowering, which in turn reduces the risk of frost damage and improves fruit set.
Fifth, painting the tree trunks with a white wash protects them from sunscald and frost injury, while also helping to control trunk diseases. The mixture typically includes 10 parts quicklime, 2 parts lime sulfur, 1–2 parts salt, 2 parts clay, and 36–40 parts water. An insecticide can be added to the solution. The mixture should be well-mixed, filtered, and applied evenly to avoid cracking or peeling.
Lastly, straw mulching in the orchard during winter can help raise soil temperature, prevent physiological drought, and protect against freezing, thereby reducing pistil abortion and improving flower bud quality. Materials such as wheat straw, weeds, or leaves can be used. For every 666.7 square meters, a total of 26.7 tons of mulch is recommended, with 1–1.2 tons for partial coverage. Fully covered orchards should be completely mulched, while young trees may benefit from partial coverage along the tree rows. The mulch layer should be 15–20 cm thick. In windy areas, the mulch should be pressed down to prevent it from being blown away. Before applying the mulch, it’s advisable to add 0.2–0.6 kg of nitrogen per tree to maintain a proper carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.