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Cotton at the bud stage is entering a critical period where both vegetative and reproductive growth are occurring, but vegetative growth remains dominant. During this phase, the photosynthetic products are mainly directed to the main stem and fruit branches that are actively growing, with only a small portion allocated to the buds. As temperatures rise, the development of roots, stems, leaves, fruit branches, and flower buds accelerates. The plant's metabolism becomes more active, physiological functions improve, and photosynthetic efficiency increases. This is also when root growth reaches its peak. Effective management during this time focuses on maintaining strong and stable growth, ensuring good potential for future yield.
In a normal budding phase, cotton should exhibit "strength without excess and stability without decline." This means that after developing strong seedlings early on, the plants should grow robustly and remain steady, avoiding excessive elongation. The budding period is long and consistent, with thick stems, compact internodes on the main stem, and red stems making up about 60% of the plant. The plant width is greater than its height, the top heart is plump and vigorously growing, and the leaves are medium-sized and dark green. Fruit branches are strong, with large and numerous buds—on average, three new fruit branches develop every three days. The main stem grows from 0.3 cm per day at the beginning of the bud stage to 1–1.5 cm, eventually reaching 2–2.5 cm. At this stage, the height of the first flower is around 50–55 cm, with approximately 10 fruit branches and over 20 buds.
Fertilization and irrigation are crucial during this phase. Fertilizer application should be adjusted based on the plant’s growth, soil fertility, and weather conditions. In fields with rich soil and sufficient base fertilizer, additional nitrogen fertilizers should be avoided; instead, cake meal and potash can be applied. About 25–30 kg of cake fertilizer and 10–15 kg of potassium fertilizer per acre is recommended. For medium-quality fields with healthy seedlings, 10–15 kg of compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per acre is suitable. In poor soil or underdeveloped plants, applying 5–7.5 kg of urea per acre in the early bud stage helps promote growth. Fertilizer should be applied 30 cm away from the plant to ensure deep placement, which maximizes effectiveness and reduces the risk of burn.
Watering is equally important. Soil moisture should be maintained at 10–30 cm depth, with 60–70% of the field’s maximum water-holding capacity. When it drops below 50%, immediate watering is necessary to avoid drought stress. To keep the plants stable and prevent overwatering, alternate furrow irrigation is preferred, with about 30 cubic meters of water per acre. After watering, the soil should be loosened promptly to break up compaction, encourage root development, and improve the plant’s ability to withstand drought later on.