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In many cases, the humidity inside the greenhouse becomes too high, leading to a significant amount of condensation on the plastic film. Even slight vibrations of the arch or the film can cause droplets to fall, creating a sensation similar to light rain within the structure. This not only reduces the transparency of the film but also promotes the development of diseases such as downy mildew and gray mold, which can severely impact vegetable growth.
**Causes of High Humidity**
One common reason is excessive rainfall or snowfall before the greenhouse was covered. If the shed had accumulated a lot of moisture from rain or snow, or if the soil was already very wet, covering the film could trap this moisture inside. As temperatures rise after covering, the soil moisture evaporates, increasing the internal humidity.
Improper watering practices also contribute to the problem. Overwatering or frequent irrigation can lead to high soil moisture levels, which in turn increase the humidity inside the greenhouse. Using open channels for water delivery can also raise humidity, as the water in the ditches evaporates and adds moisture to the air.
Poor site selection is another factor. If the greenhouse is built in an area with a high water table, low-lying terrain, or poor drainage, it can trap moisture and increase humidity levels. Additionally, inadequate ventilation prevents the release of excess moisture, causing condensation on the film and further raising humidity.
**Prevention Methods**
To reduce humidity, it's important to use pipeline irrigation instead of open channels. This method minimizes water evaporation and helps control moisture levels more effectively. Choosing a suitable location is also crucial—avoid building greenhouses in areas with high groundwater or poor drainage. Before covering the film, ensure the soil is dry and properly dehumidified.
Watering should be done carefully, reducing both the frequency and volume of irrigation. Using drip irrigation or soaker hoses can help minimize evaporation. Watering early in the morning allows the excess moisture to dissipate during the day. After watering, loosen the soil to break up capillary action and reduce evaporation.
Proper ventilation is essential. Opening vents regularly helps remove excess moisture and maintain optimal conditions. Covering the soil with mulch or using drip irrigation under the film can also reduce evaporation and keep the air drier. Using non-drip films is another effective strategy, as they prevent condensation from forming on the inner surface, improving light transmission and reducing humidity.
Additionally, hanging reflective curtains on the rear walls of solar greenhouses can help warm the space and lower humidity. Applying dust or fog-based pesticides instead of liquid sprays can also avoid increasing humidity while controlling pests and diseases.
Finally, ensuring proper drainage around the greenhouse by digging trenches outside will help manage water accumulation and prevent moisture buildup inside. By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce humidity and create a healthier environment for their crops.