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Vegetables grown in plastic greenhouses often suffer from insufficient light, which can significantly impact their growth and quality. Common symptoms include stunted plant development, thin stems, narrow and pale leaves that tend to yellow easily, poor formation of flower buds, abnormal flowering, and even fruit drop. The fruits may grow slowly, have a dull color, an astringent taste, and lack proper ripening. Low light conditions not only affect the quantity of the harvest but also compromise the overall quality of the vegetables.
To address this issue, it's essential to improve the lighting conditions inside the greenhouse as much as possible. When planting, ensure adequate spacing between plants to reduce shading. Regularly clean the greenhouse film to prevent dirt and water droplets from blocking sunlight. During the later stages of growth, when the outside temperature reaches around 15°C at noon, consider partially opening the greenhouse film to allow more natural light in.
According to experiments, using reflective materials like polyester aluminum film can be highly effective. For example, creating reflective screens measuring 2 meters wide and 3 meters long, and hanging them from the top of the greenhouse poles down to the ground, can increase light intensity by 40% to 43%. This also raises the air temperature inside the greenhouse by 3°C to 4°C and the ground temperature by 1.8°C to 2.9°C. As a result, tomato yields increased by 41.8% to 58.1%, and fruit quality improved noticeably.
Additionally, laying silver-gray mulch or aluminum foil on the ground can enhance light reflection among the plants, leading to better fruit coloring and helping to prevent early aging of the lower leaves. These practical measures can greatly improve both the productivity and quality of greenhouse-grown vegetables.