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The quality, maturity, and freshness of cut flowers play a significant role in their longevity. Different types of fresh-cut flowers and floral arrangements have varying vase life spans. For instance, anthuriums can last up to 20–41 days, gerberas typically last around 38 days, while roses usually last about two weeks. To ensure the best performance, choose flowers with sturdy stems, vibrant colors, and no signs of wilting, bending, or disease. Pay special attention to the condition of the stem—avoid any that are bent or show signs of pests or leaf spots.
Once you bring home freshly cut flowers, it's important to prepare them immediately. Remove any leaves that will be submerged in water to prevent bacterial growth. Be careful not to damage the stems, epidermis, or thorns. It's generally recommended to leave the thorns intact unless they are excessively long. Use a sharp pair of scissors and make a 45-degree angled cut, trimming the stems by about 5 cm. Avoid crushing or splitting the cut ends, and never use wire or clips to bundle the flowers, as this can cause harm.
Choosing the right vase is also essential. Before filling it with water, always wash the vase thoroughly. Water is crucial for keeping flowers fresh, and insufficient hydration can lead to wilting. The pH level of the water matters too—slightly acidic water (pH below 7) is usually better for most flowers. However, if the pH is too low (below 4), some flowers like chrysanthemums may suffer from softening or discoloration. Tap water is typically neutral and suitable, but poor-quality water can reduce water uptake and shorten the bloom period.
The size and type of vase also influence how long the flowers will last. The vase should be 40–60% of the bouquet’s height, and ideally hold more than one liter of water. Glass vases are the best option because they are clean and non-reactive. Crystal vases, on the other hand, can develop small holes over time, making them prone to bacterial buildup. Plastic vases may scratch easily and are harder to clean, while unglazed pottery can harbor bacteria. Metal vases are the least ideal due to toxic metal ions, so if used, they should have a plastic liner inside.
Using a floral preservative can significantly extend the life of cut flowers. Once cut, flowers lose their natural water and nutrient supply, making them vulnerable. Preservatives help maintain freshness, delay aging, and protect against environmental stress. They often contain sugar, bactericides, ethylene inhibitors, and minerals. Commercial preservatives can double or triple the lifespan of your flowers. If you don’t have commercial ones, you can use alternatives like sugar, beer, aspirin, or vitamin C. A diluted aspirin solution (about 1/1000) can add 3–5 days to the bloom time. Adding small amounts of salt, citric acid, or boric acid can also help, but be cautious with salt concentration.
Daily maintenance is key to keeping your flowers looking their best. Check the water level daily and top it up if needed. Change the water every 2–3 days, and clean the vase thoroughly. When changing the water, remove any submerged leaves, trim the stems to expose fresh cuts, and replace the water. Regularly remove any wilted flowers to prevent the spread of decay. Avoid spraying water directly on the flower heads, as this can promote mold growth. Keep the arrangement away from direct sunlight, heat sources, fruits, and cigarette smoke to prolong its beauty.