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Marigold is a highly valued ornamental plant, widely used for garden decoration and urban greening due to its vibrant colors, diverse blooming varieties, long flowering period, and ease of cultivation. One of the most significant benefits of marigold is its high content of lutein in the petals, which makes it an important raw material in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. The domestic demand for natural yellow pigments exceeds 100,000 tons annually, yet the market supply remains below 6,000 tons. Internationally, lutein is priced at around 500,000 yuan per ton, with one gram of lutein being equivalent in value to one gram of gold—hence its nickname, “soft gold.†As awareness of this valuable compound has grown, marigold cultivation for lutein extraction has expanded across regions like Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Yunnan. In Zhangwu County’s Fengjia Town, marigold was introduced as a cash crop in 2004, and by 2006, it had boosted the average household income by over 1,000 yuan.
Marigold thrives in warm, sunny conditions and can tolerate light frosts, surviving short periods of temperatures as low as 2-3°C. It is adaptable to various soil types, resilient to transplanting, and produces colorful blooms. Its fast growth, easy maintenance, and resistance to pests make it a popular choice among farmers and gardeners alike.
For propagation, marigold can be grown from seeds or through cuttings. Seed propagation is ideal for large-scale planting, while cuttings are often used for rare varieties. Seeds can be sown year-round, with spring sowing typically resulting in autumn blooms, and summer sowing leading to winter flowers. Germination is quick, and seedlings usually appear within a week when kept at 20-21°C. After about two weeks, seedlings with around seven leaves can be transplanted into the field, spaced 30-35 cm apart. Early-maturing varieties bloom in about 40 days, while late-maturing ones take around 90 days, with a flowering period lasting approximately two months.
For cutting propagation, young shoots with 3-4 nodes and 6-10 cm length are taken during May and June. These cuttings are placed in shaded nurseries using river sand or garden soil as a medium. Cuttings should be inserted 2-3 cm deep and kept moist. Rooting typically occurs within two weeks, and after three weeks, they can be transplanted. Under full sunlight, perlite can be used as a growing medium. Spraying helps maintain humidity, and leaves can be left intact for better growth. Rooting usually takes about a week before transplanting.
In the field, marigold prefers well-drained, fertile soil and generally does not require additional fertilization after planting. However, if the soil is poor, applying a 0.3% urea solution and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during bud formation and flowering can help. Marigold is drought-tolerant and only needs watering during extremely dry summers.
Pruning plays a key role in maintaining healthy growth. Removing buds at the seedling stage encourages stronger terminal buds and longer pedicels, which helps in arranging flower beds. During summer, plants may become leggy, so timely pruning is necessary to control height. Pinching the top bud results in shorter, more compact plants with earlier flowering and easier management. Due to its long blooming period, marigold can become weak later on, so removing old stems, leaves, and spent flowers is essential. For taller varieties, using double wires to support the stems helps prevent lodging caused by wind.
Pest control is also important, especially in hot, dry summers when marigold is susceptible to certain pests. Ensuring good air circulation and using safe, low-toxicity pesticides early can help protect the crop. With proper care and management, marigold can thrive and provide both aesthetic and economic value.