Scientific Breeding of Does
In scientific breeding, it is essential to provide adequate food and clean water to ensure that the does are well-nourished and healthy. Maintaining a clean environment in the deer house is also crucial to prevent disease. Additionally, regular domestication and physical exercise should be encouraged to reduce stress, avoid over-fertility, and prevent issues like overcrowding or collisions that could lead to miscarriages. Nutrition plays a key role during this period. The diet should be rich in nutrients, with concentrates reaching 1 to 1.25 kg per day, which is the highest level throughout the year. Protein feed should make up 30% to 35% of the diet, along with 10 to 15 grams of calcium phosphate and 10 grams of salt. High-quality, diverse, and sufficient roughage is also important for optimal health and digestion.
Observing the "Four Signs" During Birth
It is vital to monitor the signs that indicate a doe is about to give birth. These include reduced appetite, restlessness, and unusual behavior. Another sign is the appearance of the dew blister or "breaking water," which is a clear indicator that labor has begun. In cases of dystocia (difficult birth), early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely intervention are critical. It's also important to observe the newborns, as some does may exhibit abnormal behaviors such as licking, hitting, biting, or even abandoning their young. These behaviors must be addressed immediately. Lastly, monitoring whether the fawns consume colostrum is essential. Under normal conditions, they should begin nursing within 30 to 60 minutes after birth. If they fail to find the mother’s milk, artificial feeding is necessary, but survival rates drop significantly if not done within 12 hours, especially after 24 hours.
Artificial Feeding of Fawns
Artificial feeding of fawns should start with colostrum, ideally within the first three days. Feeding schedules should follow a structured routine: four times daily for fawns under 30 days, three times for those between 31 and 60 days, and two to four times for those aged 61 to 75 days. Quantities should gradually increase—starting at 800 to 1000 ml on the first day and adding 10 to 20 ml each subsequent day. After 60 days, the amount can be reduced by 5 to 10 ml daily, depending on the fawn’s size and appetite. Fresh milk from healthy cows or sterilized goat milk is recommended. The temperature should be maintained at 37°C to 38°C, and all feeding equipment must be sterilized daily to ensure hygiene and prevent infections.
Building a Protective Fence
A protective fence is a critical measure to safeguard the deer from external threats. Some farms neglect this, but it is essential to construct fences at an appropriate height around the shed and line them with grass. Regular maintenance and frequent changes of the lining are necessary to keep the area safe and clean.
Supplementary Feeding
Supplementary feeding helps improve the fawns’ ability to eat solid food and supports gastrointestinal development, preparing them for weaning. It should begin two weeks after birth and be conducted in a protected area. Initially, fawns may refuse or eat very little, but they will gradually adapt. Feed them 4 to 5 times daily, remove leftovers after one hour, and clean and dry the feeding troughs regularly. Always ensure access to clean drinking water. Most fawns rely on their mothers for milk, so proper supplementation is crucial to support their growth and development.
Weaning in Batches
Most fawns are currently weaned in batches. This method not only improves efficiency but also reduces costs associated with individual handling and care.
Domestication of Deer
Domestication helps improve the deer’s ability to handle stress and adapt to new environments. Through consistent contact, even frightened deer can become more docile and friendly. Staff should spend time in the deer house, especially with young fawns, to ease the stress of weaning and promote healthier growth. Regular interaction is key to building trust and ensuring long-term well-being.
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