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Wheat ear stage is a critical period for the occurrence of various pests and diseases, making it essential to implement timely and effective management strategies. During this phase, common diseases include leaf blight, rust, powdery mildew, and head blight, while major insect pests such as wheat midge, armyworm, aphids, and wheat leaf beetles tend to thrive. To ensure optimal crop health and yield, chemical control remains a primary method. However, it's important to select appropriate pesticides based on specific thresholds and apply them strategically to reduce application frequency.
In addition to chemical interventions, promoting and preserving natural enemies—such as predatory insects and beneficial fungi—can significantly enhance biological control, helping to keep pest populations under control. Efforts should focus on managing major threats before they reach economically damaging levels, ensuring a successful wheat harvest.
**First, understanding control thresholds and timing**
For powdery mildew, action should be taken when the infection rate reaches 10%. For leaf rust, the threshold is 5–10% of infected leaves. Stem rust requires intervention when 1–5% of stalks are affected. Fusarium head blight should be managed during the early flowering stage of wheat.
Regarding insect pests: wheat midge becomes a concern when 2–3 adults per pull are observed; aphid infestation is considered significant at 500 per hundred spikes; armyworm larvae should be monitored closely, with 3 third-instar larvae per square meter being a warning sign; and wheat leaf beetle populations exceeding 60 larvae per square meter require attention.
**Second, recommended control measures**
To manage powdery mildew and rust, apply 20% tebuconazole EC at a rate of 1 liter per mu, or 15% triadimefon at 75 grams per mu, mixed with 50–70 kg of water. For Fusarium head blight, use 40% carbendazim suspension at 100 grams per acre, sprayed with 60 kg of water. These treatments can often be combined with other disease control measures to improve efficiency and reduce overall pesticide use.
By following these guidelines, farmers can effectively manage wheat ear-stage pests and diseases, protecting their crops and maximizing yields.