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The Provincial Plant Protection Station has issued forecasts for the occurrence of rice pests and diseases in our province this year. Based on current conditions, the overall situation is expected to be relatively severe, with certain key pests and diseases requiring urgent attention. Among these, the "two migrations" pests—such as brown planthoppers and white-backed planthoppers—are anticipated to cause the most significant damage. Rice sheath blight and late-maturing rice varieties, particularly single-season late rice, are also expected to face higher risks. Additionally, rice smut disease is likely to be more severe, while stripe leaf blight will affect susceptible rice cultivars, including single-season japonica and other vulnerable varieties at a moderate level.
To manage these challenges effectively, the station recommends that farmers implement targeted prevention and control measures during three critical stages of rice growth: the planting stage, the break period, and the ear development stage.
During the early planting phase until the flood season, farmers should focus on controlling diseases such as bakanae, rice blast, and dry acridosis, along with pests like planthoppers and locusts. In the break period, the emphasis should shift to managing planthoppers, leaf rollers, aphids, panicle blast, and smut diseases. Finally, during the ear stage, planthoppers remain the primary concern, with other pests and diseases addressed accordingly.
For planthopper control, farmers are advised to use organic fertilizers, conduct soil testing, apply balanced fertilization, and practice shallow water irrigation combined with timely field drying. Using chemical pesticides before July can help foster natural predators in paddy fields. When nymph populations reach thresholds—such as 1000–1500 per square meter (with over 60% brown planthoppers) during the booting stage, or more than 2000 per square meter after that—farmers can apply insecticides like pymetrozine, buprofezin, ethiprole, chlorpyrifos, or dichlorvos. For complex infestations, mixing two agents may be beneficial. Spraying should be done at the lower parts of the plants, with a 5 cm water layer maintained for five days, and increased water application in dry fields.
For rice leaf roller management, promoting early growth, moderate mid-season nitrogen use, and careful timing of fertilizer application can help reduce infestation. During major outbreaks, treatment should occur during peak egg hatching, followed by a second round seven days later. Biological agents like Bt and avermectin are recommended, with specific timing depending on the life stage of the pest.
Rice borers require cultural practices such as winter plowing, deep water flooding, and delayed sowing to avoid peak damage periods. Farmers should also use sex attractants and light traps to minimize pesticide use. For the second generation of borers, Bt or insecticides can be applied during the egg-hatching peak or first and second instar stages. In areas with high egg density, treatments should be applied during the egg incubation period.
For rice blast, it's crucial to rotate rice varieties every 4-5 years and treat seeds with fungicides like prochloraz or dithiocyano methane before planting. Balanced nutrient application and proper irrigation techniques are also important. During seedling and leafhopper infestations, treatment should be applied when diseased leaves reach 3-5%, and panicle blast should be controlled before and after heading with tricyclazole or Bacillus subtilis.
Regarding rice stripe disease, the station advises focusing on resistant varieties like Japonica 8, Xudao 3, and Yanjing 9. In heavily affected areas, using insect-repellent nets and delaying planting can help prevent migration of the small brown planthopper. Pymetrozine or chlorpyrifos can be used to manage pests during the nymph stage.
For rice smut, selecting resistant varieties like Xieyou and D You 527 is essential. Fungicides such as tebuconazole or jinggangmycin should be applied 10 days before heading and again during the heading period.
Lastly, for rice sheath blight, removing debris from the fields and practicing proper nutrient management can help reduce initial infection sources. When disease clusters reach 20% in the booting stage, or 20% of plots show symptoms during jointing, farmers should spray with thiofanox, jinggangmycin, or similar products, focusing on the lower parts of the plant. Severe cases may require repeated applications every 7–10 days.