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The provincial Plant Protection Station has issued forecasts regarding the occurrence of rice pests and diseases for this year. Overall, the situation is expected to be relatively severe, with certain key pests and diseases requiring special attention. Among them, the "two migrations" pests—particularly brown planthoppers and white-backed planthoppers—are anticipated to have significant outbreaks. Rice sheath blight and late-maturing single-season rice varieties will also be a major concern. Additionally, rice smut disease is expected to occur more seriously, while stripe leaf blight in susceptible rice cultivars, including single-season japonica rice, will likely be moderate.
To manage these issues effectively, the station recommends that farmers implement targeted prevention and control measures across three critical stages of rice growth: the planting stage, the break stage, and the ear stage.
During the planting period through the flood season, farmers should focus on controlling diseases such as bakanae, rice blast, and dry acridosis, along with pests like planthoppers and locusts. In the break stage, the emphasis should shift to managing planthoppers, leaf rollers, aphids, panicle blast, and smut disease. Finally, during the ear stage, the primary target remains planthoppers, with other pests and diseases addressed accordingly.
For planthopper control, farmers are advised to increase organic fertilizer use, conduct soil testing, and apply fertilizers based on soil conditions. Shallow water irrigation and timely field drying can help reduce pest populations. Using chemical pesticides before early July can create favorable conditions for natural enemies to thrive in the fields.
When nymph counts reach 1000–1500 per square meter (with over 60% brown planthoppers), or 1500–2000 per square meter (with over 60% white-backed planthoppers), it’s time to take action. Farmers can use agents like pymetrozine, buprofezin, ethiprole, chlorpyrifos, or dichlorvos. For complex infestations, a combination of two agents is recommended. When applying chemicals, ensure proper dosage (60 kg of water per mu), spray the middle and lower parts of the plants, maintain a 5 cm water layer for five days, and adjust water levels in dry fields. Fumigation with dichlorvos may also be considered.
For rice leaf roller control, promoting early growth, moderate mid-season nitrogen application, and careful timing of later fertilizer use can help reduce infestations. In years of major outbreaks, the best time for treatment is during the egg-hatching peak, followed by a second treatment after seven days. Biological agents like Bt or avermectin are effective when applied at the right time.
For rice borers, winter plowing and deep watering can help suppress populations. Avoiding early sowing helps avoid peak damage periods. Integrated pest management strategies, including sex attractants and light traps, can reduce reliance on chemical pesticides.
Rice blast prevention involves rotating rice varieties every four to five years. Soaking seeds in 25% prochloraz or 5.5% dithiocyano methane solutions before planting is also recommended. Proper nutrient application, foliar sprays, and shallow irrigation can further support plant health.
In areas affected by seedling mites or leafhoppers, treatment should begin when diseased leaf rates reach 3–5%, typically with one or two applications. For panicle blast, susceptible varieties must be protected 3–5 days before heading, followed by a second treatment after a week.
For rice stripe disease, the station advises focusing on resistant varieties like Xudao No. 3, Yanjing No. 9, and Fengliangyou 1 and 4. In severely affected areas, using insect-repellent nets or non-woven fabrics is encouraged. Delaying sowing times and promoting direct seeding can help avoid migration of the small brown planthopper.
For rice smut, selecting disease-resistant varieties like Xieyou Series or Xiushui 664 is crucial. Applications of tebuconazole or Jinggangmycin should be made 10 days before heading and again during the heading period.
For rice sheath blight, removing debris from fields and properly managing NPK fertilization can help reduce initial bacterial sources. Spraying should be done when disease cluster rates reach 20% at the booting stage, using products like thiofanate-methyl or Jinggangmycin. Severe cases may require repeated treatments every 7–10 days.
Overall, farmers are encouraged to rotate pesticide types to prevent resistance development and follow best practices for spraying, ensuring uniform coverage and maintaining appropriate water levels in the field.