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The success of growing mushrooms in bags largely depends on effective disease prevention and management during the germination phase. To ensure a high yield and quality, it is essential to implement the following six key measures throughout this critical period.
First, selecting high-quality raw materials for seed production is crucial. Materials such as cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, gypsum, and calcium carbonate should be fresh, dry, and free from mold or contamination. Before use, these materials should be exposed to sunlight for 1–2 days and treated with ultraviolet light to eliminate pathogenic spores and reduce the risk of infection.
Second, the use of rice bran and wheat bran should be carefully managed. These ingredients serve as both nitrogen and carbon sources for mycelium growth. The proportion of rice bran should be adjusted based on environmental humidity—increasing it when the air is drier and decreasing it when humidity is high. Too much rice bran can lead to bacterial contamination, so it's best to keep it between 18% and 25%, especially reducing it to 18% during humid seasons.
Third, maintaining the right moisture level in the culture medium is vital. Most of the water required by edible fungi comes from the substrate itself. The correct water-to-substrate ratio varies depending on the container and sealing method used in different seasons. If the substrate is too dry, mycelium growth will be weak; if it's too wet, it can lead to decay and disease.
Fourth, ensuring a tight seal on the bag or bottle is essential. Any gap or poor sealing can allow bacteria and contaminants to enter, leading to infections. Always check that the closure is secure and well-protected.
Fifth, proper sterilization of the culture material is necessary to prevent spoilage. Using sterilized bags and ensuring thorough sterilization before inoculation helps avoid microbial contamination. Both strain production and mushroom cultivation require strict sterilization protocols, as any oversight can result in disease outbreaks.
Lastly, effective management during the germination period plays a key role. First, maintain an appropriate temperature—most fungi thrive in warm conditions, but some, like straw mushrooms, benefit from slightly cooler temperatures. Lowering the temperature to below 20°C can slow mycelium growth but strengthen it while reducing pathogen activity. Second, control humidity at around 60% during germination, as this level is ideal for mycelium growth and helps inhibit bacterial growth. Finally, conduct regular inspections within two to three days after inoculation. Any signs of infection should be removed immediately to prevent the spread of disease.
By following these practices, growers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their mushroom crops during the germination stage.