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The success of growing mushrooms in bags largely depends on effective disease prevention and control during the germination phase. To ensure a high yield, six key measures should be carefully implemented during this critical period.
First, it's important to use high-quality raw materials for seed production, such as cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, gypsum, and calcium carbonate. These materials should be fresh, dry, and free from mold or contamination. Before using them, expose them to sunlight for one to two days, and consider using ultraviolet light to eliminate any pathogenic spores that might be present.
Second, the use of rice bran and wheat bran should be balanced. These ingredients not only provide nitrogen for mycelium growth but also serve as a carbon source. The amount of rice bran should be adjusted based on environmental humidity—higher humidity may require reducing the percentage to between 18% and 25%, while lower humidity allows for a slightly higher proportion. Too much rice bran can lead to bacterial contamination, so proper control is essential.
Third, managing the water-to-substrate ratio is crucial. Most of the moisture required by edible fungi comes from the culture medium itself. Different containers and sealing methods are used depending on the season, which affects the ideal water ratio. If the substrate becomes too dry, mycelium growth will be weak and fragile. On the other hand, excessive moisture can lead to mycelium decay and disease.
Fourth, ensuring a tight seal on the bag or bottle is vital. Any opening or leaky closure can allow bacteria to enter, leading to contamination. Therefore, always check that the mouth of the container is properly sealed before incubation.
Fifth, sterilization of the culture material is essential. Whether producing mushroom spawn or cultivating in bulk, inadequate sterilization can result in disease outbreaks. Use proper sterilization techniques to eliminate all potential pathogens, as even minor lapses can lead to serious infections.
Finally, effective management during the germination phase is crucial. Maintain an appropriate temperature, especially for most mushroom species, which thrive in cooler conditions. For example, keeping the temperature below 20°C helps produce strong and healthy mycelium while reducing the risk of pathogens. Additionally, maintaining a relative humidity of around 60% during germination can help suppress bacterial growth. Regular inspections should also be conducted—within two to three days after inoculation, check for signs of infection and remove any contaminated bags immediately.
By following these steps, growers can significantly improve the quality and yield of their bag-grown mushrooms.