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With continuous innovation and research in recent years, sugarcane planting techniques in our province have gradually matured, moving toward higher efficiency and greater diversification. One of the key advancements is the use of greenhouse seedling preservation methods, which allow for earlier sowing, typically advancing the planting season to mid-to-late March. This early start helps improve yield and quality by extending the growing period.
Before planting, the sugarcane stalks are first stripped of their leaves, being careful not to damage the buds. After peeling, the stalks are evenly sprayed with carbendazim at a dilution of 250-300 times. The field is then prepared by applying 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, along with soil insecticides. The land should be well-drained and tilled properly. Once fertilized, furrows are dug, and the sugarcane bud sections are placed evenly into the trenches. A thin layer of soil is used to cover them, followed by a layer of plastic film to maintain warmth and promote germination.
By April, the sugarcane enters the conventional cultivation stage. At this point, the plants are moved to greenhouses where they can continue to grow under controlled conditions. Before planting, each greenhouse receives 1,500–2,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 potassium sulfate). Soil insecticides are applied during the tilling process. After the plants are dwarfed, furrows are made again. When the space between the rows is left at 25 cm, six rows can be planted per shed. The depth of the furrows is 15–20 cm, and planting occurs once the water has drained sufficiently. The row spacing is usually 1.1 meters. A typical greenhouse covers about 300 square meters, and with two sugarcane buds per meter, each greenhouse requires approximately 600 buds, totaling around 3,000 seedlings.
After planting, the soil covering should be 2–3 cm thick. The small mounds on either side of the furrow do not need to be leveled, but they are covered with plastic film to retain moisture and warmth. Once the buds begin to emerge, the plastic film is carefully removed from the top. During the seedling stage, it's important to water frequently but avoid flooding. After the film is removed, plant rooting agents can be applied to encourage stronger root development. When the sugarcane enters the tillering phase, excess tillers should be removed to ensure the main stem grows robustly.
Once the plants are fully grown in the greenhouse, the temperature inside must be gradually reduced, especially if it exceeds 40°C. By mid-to-late June, when outdoor temperatures become suitable, the plastic film is removed. During the seedling stage, aphids must be monitored closely. This can be done using smoke fumigation or by spraying insecticides to prevent infestation.
From July to September, the sugarcane enters the critical jointing period. In addition to ensuring sufficient water and nutrients, gibberellin should be sprayed every 7–10 days (mixed with one bucket of water) to enhance growth. Regular monitoring and timely management of pests and diseases are essential. As the season progresses into October, focus shifts to maintaining healthy growth. Old leaves on the main stem are regularly removed from the bottom up to improve color and sweetness. Sugar-enhancing agents can also be sprayed to boost sugar content.
By late October, the sugarcane is ready for harvest, and the plants are pulled out one by one for processing. This advanced technique not only improves productivity but also ensures better quality and sustainability in sugarcane farming.