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In recent years, with continuous innovation and exploration, sugarcane planting techniques in our province have gradually matured, evolving toward greater efficiency and diversification. One of the key advancements is the use of greenhouse preservation methods, which allow for earlier sowing, typically advancing to mid-to-late March. This technique not only improves yield but also enhances the quality of the crop.
Before planting, the sugar cane is prepared by peeling off the leaves from the base, being careful not to damage the buds. Afterward, a solution of carbendazim (250-300 times diluted) is sprayed evenly over the cuttings to prevent disease. The field is then fertilized with 2,000 kg of organic manure per acre, along with a soil pesticide. The land must be well-prepared, free of weeds and properly tilled.
After fertilization, furrows are dug, and the sugarcane bud sections are placed evenly into the trenches. A thin layer of soil is used to cover them, followed by the application of plastic film to maintain warmth and promote germination. This method helps create an ideal environment for early growth.
By April, the sugarcane enters the conventional cultivation stage. At this point, a shed is prepared for transplanting. Before planting, 1,500–2,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 potassium sulfate) are applied per shed, along with insecticides during soil preparation. Once the plants are dwarfed, furrows are dug again. When the shed has 25 cm of space on each side, six rows can be planted per shed, with a row spacing of 1.1 meters. The furrow depth should be between 15–20 cm, and planting occurs once the water has been absorbed.
Each shed generally covers about 300 square meters, and based on a calculation of two sugarcane buds per meter, each shed requires approximately 600 buds, totaling around 3,000 seedlings. After planting, the soil covering should be 2–3 cm thick, and the small ridges on both sides of the furrow do not need to be leveled before applying the plastic film.
Once the seedlings emerge, the plastic film is carefully removed. During the seedling stage, it's important to water lightly and avoid flooding. After the film is broken, plant rooting agents can be applied to encourage strong root development. As the sugarcane enters the tillering phase, any excess tillers should be removed to ensure the main stem grows properly.
When the temperature inside the shed rises above 40°C, it’s necessary to lower the temperature. By mid-to-late June, when outdoor temperatures become suitable, the plastic film should be removed. Throughout the seedling stage, aphid control is crucial, which can be done through fumigation or insecticide spraying.
From July to September, the critical period for sugarcane jointing begins. Along with maintaining adequate water and nutrients, gibberellin should be sprayed every 7–10 days (mixed with a bucket of water) to enhance growth. Regular monitoring and pest control are essential during this time.
In October, as regular management continues, old leaves on the main stem are removed from the bottom up, which helps improve the color and sweetness of the sugarcane. Additionally, sugar-enhancing agents can be sprayed to further increase sugar content. By late October, the sugarcane is ready for harvest.
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