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First, the conventional management measures to repair sheds, cold and warm: before the advent of the cold, the livestock and poultry housing should be overhauled, repair the roof, doors, windows, plug the wall gap. In areas of lower temperature north of the Yangtze River, cold-insulation performance of livestock and poultry housings can also be improved by setting ceilings, hanging curtains, setting wind barriers, and building plastic greenhouses. In the severe winter, flue gas, soil heating, biogas furnaces, coal stoves, solar energy and other facilities can be used to heat the house. However, when using the coal furnace, heating should be done to prevent gas poisoning. A protective device should be installed around the heating system to prevent burns. Livestock and poultry.
Fine management, prevention of diseases: After taking cold and warm measures in winter, the ventilation volume in the house is reduced, the humidity is increased, and harmful gas components such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are increased, which easily damages the animal body and induces some diseases. In day-to-day management, special attention should be paid to reducing the humidity in the house and the concentration of harmful gases. Every day should be regularly (when the outside temperature is high) ventilation, timely removal of excreta, reduce the amount of water in the house, plus shop and timely replacement of absorbent mats with good performance, less feed to feed.
Adjust feed and supply warm water: In winter, the feed intake of livestock and poultry is generally increased by 10% to 20%. The ratio of energy feeds (such as corn, rice bran, bran, starch, etc.) should be increased in compound feeds, mixed feeds, or concentrate supplements to reduce the proportion of protein feeds (various types of cakes, meals, etc.) (increased or The reduction can also be 10% to 20%). In addition, the type of feed should be as diverse as possible to supplement or increase the supply of vitamins. It is best to feed the feedstuff into the wet mix for feeding the livestock and poultry. Use the clean and warm water condiment, feed along with the mix, do not feed the frozen feed. Allowing livestock and poultry to drink warm water at a temperature of about 30°C is also a matter that cannot be neglected in reducing body temperature loss of livestock and poultry.
Second, pigs: strengthen the immune system, piglets survive to do a good job of disinfection immunity: some infectious diseases occur with a clear seasonal, such as pig infectious pleuropneumonia, swine influenza, epidemic diarrhea, sudden changes in the climate, poor health environment Under the influence of stress factors can induce the disease. Therefore, we must do a good job in disinfecting the environment. For some infectious diseases, we must not do anything about it. We must do a good job of immunization, especially pig swine fever, swine erysipelas, porcine lung disease, blue ear disease, schistosomiasis, streptococcal disease, and pseudo Rabies and so on. After the winter of the out-of-purchase pigs is stopped, the out-of-purchase pigs should be discontinued so as not to induce infectious diseases. Moreover, spring-grown piglets stay better than autumn ones.
Guarantee piglet survival:
1. Fix the nipple and eat colostrum early. Colostrum is high in protein, rich in vitamins, and contains immunoglobulins and minerals. It promotes the excretion of meconium in piglets and promotes digestive tract activity, which is indispensable for piglets. Therefore, the nipples should be fixed as soon as possible after birth. In order to make the piglets well-developed, first fix the weak piglets on the anterior middle nipples to make up for the congenital deficiency and fix the pigs with strong, bigger piglets after the arches are kneaded.
2. Keep warm and cold. Because piglets have thin skin, few subcutaneous fats, and poor heat preservation capacity, the newly born piglets have wet skin and heat dissipation. It is best to install infrared heat insulation boxes or insulation chambers in the production circle. The ground is covered with dry, warm and soft mats. Change frequently;
3. Early supplement fine material. The piglets are born 6 to 7 days to start feeding. After 10 days, they should gradually supplement the full-price mixed feed, requiring high energy, high protein and full nutritional price, good palatability, and easy to digest full-price mixture;
4. Iron supplementation. Iron is a raw material for hematopoiesis. Piglets must be iron supplemented at 2 to 3 days after birth. There are many ways to supplement iron, either orally or intramuscularly. After the piglets are born, 2 to 3 days of age, they are injected with blood serum or blood treasure at the neck, and the amount of supplement is 100 mg. Can also be used 2 to 5 grams of ferrous sulfate and 1 gram of copper sulfate dissolved in 1000 ml of water, filtered and used after bottled, when the pigs feed, drop in the sow nipple, piglets suck. Or drip in the piglet mouth;
5. Supplement drinking water. Piglets grow rapidly, have a strong metabolism, require more water, and piglets often feel thirsty. Therefore, 3 to 5 days after birth, clean warm water is supplied, and a small amount of salt and wheat bran are added to drinking water. A small amount of sweetener can also be added;
6. Prevent white piglets. About one week after birth and about 20 days of age are the peak period of piglet onset. It is mainly white piglets. Keep the piglets clean and keep the pigs from drinking dirty water. Should feed the whole price of piglet scientifically, if necessary, add vitamin supplements, growth stimulants and antibacterial drugs, which can stimulate growth and prevent piglets from becoming white.
7. Anti-sows riding pressure. Sows are bulky or old, deaf, slow to move or have poor motherhood. They tend to step on or crush piglets when they are lying down, especially if the piglets are born 1 to 3 days later. Nursery bars or nursery rooms should be used to take the mother Separate sleep and rest methods to prevent crushed dead piglets;
8. Timely weaning. Mostly weaned at 20 to 30 days of age. Weaning itself is a kind of strong stimulation, often because the weaning technique is unreasonable and aggravates the stress level of the piglets. The most common is the diarrhea, irritability and loss of appetite. Therefore, the prevention of injection and castration should be staggered with the weaning time to minimize the stimulation of stress factors.
3. Goats: Doing a good job of mating, keeping the fetus safe and doing a good job in the mating of late-spring lambing ewes: Late-spring littering lambs, usually in early November, that is, “winter†to remove the curtain of the rams. "Beginning before and after the "Little Snow," breeding lambs in the late spring before and after "Gu Yu" in April of the following year will benefit the survival of the lambs. In addition to strengthening grazing, the rams gradually increase the feed amount of the concentrates 1 to 1.5 months before mating. At the beginning of breeding, 1 to 1.5 kg of mixed concentrates such as corn and bean cake are fed daily. In addition, feeds rich in protein and vitamins such as high-quality artificial pastures and carrots are supplemented. Also feed salt, bone meal and other mineral feeds. Each type of male ram that is eligible has 2 to 3 eggs per day to improve breeding ability of the male ram.
Strengthen winter grazing: In addition to the wind and snow days, we must adhere to grazing every day. It is necessary to adopt a grazing method that puts out all night long, puts the wind on the top, and leaves at a distance, and grazing about 6 hours a day. To choose leeward sunny pastures and grazing land. Take advantage of the sheep, use as far as possible the remote ranch, and use the nearby grazing land for spring lambs and lean sheep. In the morning before the animal husbandry, first open the doors and windows of the sheep shed in the direction of the leeward, release hot air. When the temperature inside and outside the home is similar, then drive out the sheep to prevent the sheep from catching a cold.
Strengthen supplementary feeding: After the beginning of winter, the grass withered and grazing alone could not meet the nutritional needs. Feeding before and after the day of grazing should be carried out every day. Early feed 4 to 7 hours, and late feed 3 to 5 hours. Feeding is done outside the house. Each sheep feeds 1 kg of grass every day, 1 kg of silage corn, 0.1 to 0.15 kg of concentrate, 5 to 7 grams of bone meal, and 5 to 10 grams of salt. Drink 2 times a day and give special care to pregnant ewes and lean ewes.
Do a good job of miscarriage: When grazing, you have to go slowly and slowly, do not jump on ravines, do not climb steep slopes, do not walk skating lanes, and don't crowd the entrance and exit laps. Select high-quality dry grass, to the net soil, suitable for grater feeding, broken grass is generally 3 cm long. No forages or non-toxic cottonseed cakes or rapeseed cakes must be fed to prevent moldy or pesticide contamination. Each ewes should feed 0.5 kg of concentrate feed every day, and feed a proper amount of juicy feed, such as carrots and white radish.
Fourth, laying hens: increase light, egg production peak egg laying peak egg production period of about 28 to 35 weeks of age, egg production rate of up to 85% or more, during this period the laying hen's egg production physiological function is the most vigorous, must Use this valuable period effectively. Broilers in early spring brooding (from April to May) are now at the peak of egg production.
Maintaining a suitable indoor environment: Only by creating a suitable environment for the chicken can we have a higher egg production rate in the winter. The most suitable ambient temperature for laying hens is between 13°C and 21°C. When the shepherding temperature is below 8°C, the egg production rate and feed conversion rate are significantly reduced. The relative humidity in the house should not exceed 60%. Frequent cleaning of the chicken manure in the cage should be done, and some stove ash should be laid to absorb moisture. While emphasizing insulation, ventilation should not be neglected to ensure that the air in the house is fresh; at sunny, noon, the south window is opened for 10 minutes to discharge dirty air.
To meet the light requirements: the lighting time during the breeding period is generally maintained at about 8 hours per day. For broiler flocks bred at the peak of the egg production period in the winter, attention should be paid to supplementing the natural light with artificial light in the later period. At the age of 21 weeks, the illumination was extended for 1 hour per week, and the illumination time was guaranteed for 14 hours per day when the age reached 26 weeks. Practice has shown that laying hens have 14 hours of light per day to meet the needs of peak egg production. Be sure to switch light on time when filling light, otherwise it will disturb the response of the layer to light stimulation. The lamp can be installed at a height of 1.8 to 2 meters above the ground. The distance between the lamp and the lamp is the same. A 40-watt lamp has a lamp spacing of about 3 meters (if it is 1.5 meters, a 25-watt lamp should be replaced). Each 18 to 20 square meter area is equipped with a 40 watt bulb. Supplemental lighting should only be extended gradually and cannot be shortened.
Fifth, broilers: strengthen ventilation, and maintain proper growth and proper ventilation: broilers generally have higher feeding density, faster growth, and better metabolism. Therefore, in heavy litter feeding or one-time defecation, there will be a large number of harmful gases in the house. At the same time, in order to keep the chicken house warm in the winter, the farmer often neglects the ventilation of the house, leading to an increase in the concentration of harmful gases in the house and a decrease in the oxygen content. This will not only affect the growth of chickens, it will also cause chicken disease and reduce the survival rate.
Optimum density: In winter, in order to keep warm and save fuel, farmers often increase the stocking density. The appropriate breeding density for winter broilers is that when the body weight is less than 1.3 kg, 20-24 breeding animals per square meter. When the chicken weighs between 1.3 and 2 kg, 16 to 20 eggs are cultured per square meter. When the weight of the chicken is more than 2 kg, no more than 16 eggs will be farmed per square meter. When broilers are bred online, the density can be increased.
Respiratory Diseases Prevention: Breeders are very sensitive to the respiratory tract and prone to respiratory diseases during the winter. According to local conditions, prevention of infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bronchitis, respiratory syndrome, etc. should be carried out. Drinking water should be sterilized every day, and the chicken should be spray-sterilized with peracetic acid every two days. Once the broiler is onset, it must be disposed of urgently, symptomatic treatment, strict disinfection, and prevention of secondary infection.
Six, ducks: to strengthen management, egg production capacity to change the field of grass: Winter ducks in the house more time, and feeding density, mat grass is easy to wet, to diligently change the grass, diligent grazing, to keep the house dry, clean health.
Noisy duck movement: Noisy duck movement is to drive away the ducklings and move around in the circle. It is mainly to prevent the ducks from getting fat, enhance their ability to keep out cold, and promote their productive eggs. In particular, before every day you put ducks, you must first open the window to ventilate, and then noise in the house within 5 to 10 minutes to promote more exercise and improve adaptability.
Timely release of water: late in the morning to put the duck in the morning, duck early in the evening to reduce the number of launches, shorten the time to launch. Sunny days should be launched around 10 am and 2 pm, for a time of about 10 minutes. Cloudy, windy weather, water once in the morning and no water in the afternoon. Rain and snow don't get into the water. After the snow stops, it's time to go into the water. It's necessary to clear the snow from the road and prevent the snow from condensing on the duck's hair.
Increased light: Short winter days, ducks need to add light each morning and evening, so that the total daily light time is maintained at about 16 hours to promote egg maturation and increase egg production.
Adding night food: Winter stays up late, and nighttime temperatures are relatively low. A warm feed can be added to feed the ducks. It can not only increase the nutrition of the ducks, but also help the ducks to keep warm and improve the egg production rate of the ducks.
VII. Dairy Cows: Serving salt, guaranteeing the amount of milk to ensure the supply of salt: Salt is one of the main components of gastric juice. If the supply is insufficient, the appetite of dairy cows will be reduced, body condition will be thin, and milk production will be reduced. The amount of salt supply depends on the weight of the cow and the level of milk production. Generally large cattle, high milk production, about 50 grams of salt per head per day; cattle small, low milk production, about 30 grams of salt per head per day.
Do a good job in cattle health: In the winter, you should always clean the cowshed, keep the cowshed clean, and rinse the cow bed with clean water, brushing the hindquarters of cattle once or twice a day. A dry brush is usually used. Particularly dirty parts of the bovine body can be washed with warm water and wiped off quickly to dry. Brushing should be completed within half an hour before milking. This will not only keep the body clean, but also promote the blood circulation of the bovine body and increase milk production.
In the midwinter season, farmers need to ensure that livestock and poultry have a good health status, give full play to their production potential, and reduce the economic losses caused by low temperatures. In addition to strengthening regular management, different feeding and management measures should be taken for different livestock and poultry species and different physiological stages to ensure the highest production efficiency. To this end, we compile this group of manuscripts in order to help the majority of farmers.